When theoretically investigating the nonlinear dynamics of quantum dot lasers (QDLs). the parameter value of the electron escape rate (Ce) is sometimes approximated to zero to simplify the calculation. However. the value of Ce is dependent on the energy interval between the ground state (GS) and the excited state (ES) in the conduction band and is affected by the operation temperature. https://bellfordtoysandhobbiers.shop/product-category/puzzle/